E M Delafield By Martin Spence

Published in "The Book And Magazine Collector", No. 179, February 1999

The novelist, E.M. Delafield (1890-1943), was the least pretentious of writers. Having struck upon the idea of lightly guying herself "Diary of a Provincial Lady" (1930) — a mix of Jane Austen and Punch — she carried it through with such brilliance, wit and pace that the book became a best-seller and inspired three sequels. Since then, the quartet has never been out of print for long, and it remains one of the most popular titles on Virago's list.

Delafield was a strikingly uneven writer, but in all her works she shows an acutely accurate social sense. She was obsessively interested in vanity, self-deception and daydream, and had an almost cruel conception of parents in relation to their children. She also had a gothic streak that peaked in her atmospheric study of female criminality, "Messalina of the Suburbs", a novel which shocked many of her fans.

Born into Victorian 'country house' society, she ended her days in the Devonshire countryside, a middle-class, provincial lady. Apparently untroubled, her life was punctuated by a desperately unhappy stint as a novice in a Belgian convent, where she found and lost her vocation within the space of a year. Later, her experiences as an invited guest on an isolated Soviet collective farm — a unique experience for someone of her sex, age and social background — was vividly recorded in "Straw without Bricks" (1937). Among the obstacles she faced there was a six-seater lavatory over an open cesspit, with no lock on the door.

E.M. Delafield was born Edmee Elizabeth Monica de la Pasture at Steyning in Sussex; on 9th June 1890. Until she became a published author, she was called 'Edmee' by her family, even after her friends had come to know her as Elizabeth. She was the daughter of the Count Henry Philip Ducarel de la Pasture, head of an aristocratic French Catholic family who had settled in England after the revolution, and Elizabeth Bonham, better-known as the novelist, Mrs Henry de la Pasture. (Her most famous work, "The Unlucky Family" [1907], was recently reprinted.) The count's wife was not only 21 years younger than her husband, but of a livelier and more ambitious nature. Like her mother, Elizabeth was to marry a much younger man, and to support her husband through her writing.

She was educated by a series of French governesses, later amalgamated into the tearfully exotic 'Mademoiselle' of "Diary of a Provincial Lady". Later, Delafield would change schools at the drop of a hat and for no apparent reason. Surviving the almost simultaneous death of her father and her launch as a debutante at the age of eighteen, the young Delafield was presented by her mother with a new stepfather. Sir Hugh Clifford, a stronger character than the kind but ineffectual Henry de la Pasture. The couple were married in the crypt of Westminster Cathedral in 1910.

Delafield's earliest writings had been in the grand romantic style rejected by her mother, who sensibly advised her to write from her own experience (though, even as a seasoned novelist, Delafield never quite lost her taste for resolving plots by the intervention of physical disaster). Growing up in Chester Square in London, Delafield and her sister had one single imposed aim: to find husbands of the same class with the means to support them.

However, Delafield had other ideas. On 9th June 1911, she came of age and entered a Belgian religious order which even her biographer. Violet Powell — to whose work on Delafield this article is much indebted — did not dare to name. "When I left" Delafield wrote years later, "the Mere Immaculee and Soeur Marthe said goodbye kindly and affectionately. They felt sure, they said, that one day I should come back. I never did. I dream still, from time to time, of being a postulante in the Noviciate in Belgium, and finding myself unable to come away."

Delafield's second start — and real life — began in Exeter in 1914. She had been accepted as a VAD worker. The pay, £1 a week, represented financial liberty to a girl who had never worked before, and she had enough free time to write, which she did at every opportunity. Perched on a bench high up in Rougemont Park in the summer of 1915, she began work on her rather savage first novel, "Zeila Sees Herself". Warts and all, it marked the arrival of a new and original English novelist. The book revolves around the personal vanity of its heroine, Zeila — who approaches every situation intent on making the impression which is expected of her — and her tendency to daydream. Spotting a winner, William Heinemann wrote to say that he would like to publish the book "after the War, paper being scarce", but Delafield was insistent. She called on him personally, and the novel was issued to great acclaim in March 1917.

Heinemann's instinct for catching the popular mood resulted in Delafield putting aside her second novel in favour of a more topical look at "The War Workers" (1918), based on her own experiences in her local Supply Depot. The book, which came with the usual disclaimers about not being based on fact, contained an -unvarnished portrait of a tyrannical controller, beating the hell out of her subordinates as they crouched over a smouldering fire in the common room, or queued to fill hot water bottles from a kettle over a decrepit gas ring. And the reviews marked an advance on those for "Zeila". The Times Literary Supplement judged Delafield to be female by her accurate use of the word 'camisole', while Punch, who had been wild about "Zeila", hoped that her portrait of the tyrannical Miss Vivian in The War Workers would be surpassed by that of her next victim.

Begun in Exeter in June 1916 and finished a year later, Delafield's third novel. "The Pelicans", finally appeared in September 1918. This extraordinary book was an agonising account of a woman's conversion to Catholicism, her acceptance of the veil and her eventual death. The pelican itself — a mother bird who feeds her children with drops of blood from her own breast — symbolised the Church. So successful was the novel, that it caught the attention of a literary agency, who poached Delafield away from Heinemann for her next novel. "Consequences" (1919), which was published by Hodder & Stoughton. Heinemann were furious at her defection, but they had only themselves to blame: Delafield had never been placed under contract to them.  Needless to say, the novel itself was largely autobiographical and concerned a young girl who refuses to admit, even to herself, that it is the magnetism of the Mother Superior, rather than her love of God, that makes her want to enter a convent. The Times Literary Supplement thought that the dice had been weighted too heavily against the heroine, Alex, whose friends eventually give her up in despair. Punch suggested that the book might be called "anti-conventual", even compared to "Zeila", but enjoyed a new aspect of a stimulating and original writer.

Shortly before the reviews of her new novel appeared, Delafield met Paul Dashwood, probably at Waterloo Station, and they married soon afterwards, on 17th July 1919. The bride was 29, the groom 37. Paul Dashwood — on whom Robert, the stolid husband of the "Provincial Lady" books, was based — was regarded by the bride's family as a bit of a clodhopper, but his work in West Africa, for which he had been awarded the MBE, had been successfully carried out under the most difficult, even dangerous circumstances. And Delafield, with an unerring instinct for what would make her happy, fell in love with him at once.

In June 1919, a month before her wedding, Delafield dedicated her first novel for Hutchinson, "Tension", to her mother, a final offering before she left with her husband for Singapore and her mother departed for West Africa. Whether or not her mother appreciated the portrait of the domineering Lady Rosalind, the book's most forcefully-drawn character, remains in question.

Her war work had given Delafield an insight into the language and attitudes of classes other than her own, and enabled her to write "The Heel of Achilles" (1921), which concerns a lower middle-class girl marrying 'above herself. This book — a fairytale in which Cinderella does all the scheming for herself — has a unique gaiety and sparkle. Completed during her pregnancy (her only son, Lionel, was born on 13th August 1920), "Humbug" (1921) represented types Delafield feared "to be far from extinct — amateur educationalists". In a reflection of her own life (Delafield's only sibling, Bettina, was disabled), her heroine suffers from the pain of being spoilt by her parents, while her handicapped sister is put to one side. Skirting dangerously close to autobiography was always one of Delafield's greatest pleasures, but whether her new husband appreciated the dedication to himself of a book in which the newly-married heroine finds her husband unsympathetic on all but the simplest levels, is impossible to say.

Delafield's next novel was "The Optimist", begun in August 1921 and completed the following March. In Violet Powell's perceptive words, this is "in some ways the oddest of her books. It is largely dominated by Canon Morchard, the Optimist of the title, who at first shows signs of becoming a rival in tyranny to Samuel Butler's Mr Pontifex." After a struggle, and to the surprise of readers everywhere, the Canon begins to display somewhat unlikely symptoms of saintliness.

Around the same time, Delafield herself made a quiet decision to transfer her allegiance from the Church of Rome to the Anglican communion. Her future writings were often placed upon the Index of the Church she had left, but it certainly benefited her as a writer to be freed from its moral restraints.

Delafield had long wanted to return to rural England, and in September 1923 her wish was fulfilled when the Dashwoods took a lease on Croyle House near Kentisbeare in Devon. Elizabeth found peace here, and it provided her with a sanctuary until the end of her life, no matter what the vicissitudes of her literary career. The Delafield's second child, Rosamund, was born at Kentisbeare on 15th February 1924.

Shortly afterwards, Paul was appointed agent for the estate owned by the Honourable Mrs Adams, the model for Lady Boxe in the 'Provincial Lady' saga. In her Who's Who entry for 1934, Delafield listed criminology as one of her recreations. She had become the first woman to sit on the Bench at nearby Cullompton, causing the immediate resignation of an elderly male member. The upshot of her appointment was the gothic shocker, "Messalina of the Suburbs" (1924), a fictional treatment of the Thompson and Bywaters case of the previous year, which saw Ethel Thompson hang, along with her lover, for the murder of her husband.

With a startling change of pace, and drawing on her experiences in the Far East, Delafield then produced "Mrs Harter" (1924), a study of the impact made by an alien personality on a closed country community. Around this time, Delafield was photographed with her children: Rosamund, a bouncing baby, and the square-set, round-faced Lionel. Delafield's face has a somewhat stressed look, suggesting the insecurity that dogged her, and perhaps a lack of confidence in her parenting skills in an era when middle-class children were still largely brought up by servants.

By now, Delafield was becoming more deeply involved in the village life that would later produce the Provincial Lady. On 14th April 1924, she was unanimously elected President of the Women's Institute at Kentisbeare, a job she retained until the end of her unexpectedly sort life.

If "Mrs Harter" had seen her paring down the prolixity of her earlier style. "The Chip and the Block" (1925) capitalised on the new-found technique. Its prose is very clear and direct, using short words, and few of them — a method depending for its success on simplicity and precision. Delafield used it again in "Jill" (1926), another superb reconstruction of a rickety menage, and also for "The Way Things Are" (1927). A snapshot of this period shows her daughter, Rosamund, standing in the middle of the family group smiling cheerfully, while her brother Lionel looks more detached. Like the Provincial Lady's husband, Paul Dashwood seems to have more interest in his pipe than in being photographed, and you almost expect him to quote Robert's famous answer to most questions: "It depends."

Delafield herself smiles towards the camera, stooping, her bobbed hair shadowing her piquant, pointed face, still at heart the debutante who had been too tall for most of the men with whom she danced. With "The Way Things Are", perhaps the strangest book of her pre-'Provincial Lady' career, she imposed a stiffer discipline on herself and kept the romantic part of the plot under control. The result was a sad heroine called Laura, whose life was remarkably like Delafield's, though domestic pinpricks were replaced by genuine horrors. Despite comic flashes, it remains a dull, rather grey, book.
Even now, Delafield — like Jane Austen — had no writing room of her own, preferring to work at a table near the drawing-room window, while children and dogs romped distractingly outside and visitors passed by on Bench or WI business, or invited her (like the Provincial Lady) to throw open her "magnificent grounds (three flower borders and a tennis court)" to the local fete.

By the mid-Twenties, Delafield's work was appearing across all media: print, radio and theatre. She saw everyday life in terms of comic desperation, but her journalistic output was indeed amazing considering the other calls on her time, and the fact that she always had at least one novel on the boil. When she dedicated "The Suburban Young Man" (1928) "To All Those Nice People who have so often asked me to Write a Story about Nice People" she had, as usual, her tongue so firmly inside her cheek you doubt if it will ever emerge. As Time and Tide pointed out, the people might be nice, but the author had placed the characters in a nasty emotional hole.

Delafield had begun her career with three books published by Heinemann, then moved to Hodder & Stoughton for one novel, "Consequences". Her next twelve books — produced in a remarkably short timespan of eight years — appeared under the Hutchinson imprint. She then moved to the firm of Macmillan, with whom she was to remain for the rest of her life. "What is Love?" (1928), a loosely-put-together study of the joys and pains of first love, was her initial book for her new publishers. The second, "Women are Like That" (1929), was a collection of stories, one of which, 'Oil Painting, circa 1890', is as grim a tale as she ever wrote, a sort of trial outline of the most poignant parts of her greatest novel, "Thank Heaven Fasting".

It was probably through Mrs Dawson-Scott, a writer with many literary connections, that Delafield first met the legendary Margaret, Viscountess Rhondda, founder and editor of the feminist magazine. Time and Tide. Lady Rhondda's attachment to feminism even extended to the use of a letter bomb in Monmouthshire and a brief spell in prison in Usk, where she forced her own release after five days by means of a hunger strike. In 1920, she had founded Time and Tide, a strongly liberal magazine with a policy of supporting feminist causes.

Suddenly, Lady Rhondda needed a space-filler, some light "middles" in loose serial-form, and Delafield promised to think of something. And so, in her beautiful old house in Devon, she began to jot down the routine fusses and follies of the Provincial Lady: "November 7th. Plant the indoor bulbs. Just as I am in the middle of them. Lady Boxe calls. I say untruthfully, how nice to see her, and beg her to sit down while I just finish the bulbs . . ."

At once, Delafield discovered her true vocation: that of a comic writer. From then on, the bulbs become a running gag. As the days pass and new characters are introduced, the bulbs are put in the cellar, moved to the attic, overwatered, underwatered, attacked by the cat, broken by Robert (the Provincial Lady's long-suffering husband) as he brings down suitcases, and advised upon by every visitor. Finally, they shrivel up and die, whereupon Lady B (who masses hers by the stairs) is told that they have been sent to a sick friend in hospital. And gradually, as you read on, despite the short sentences, the simplicity and the unpretentiousness of the prose and subject matter, you realise the subtlety of Delafield's talent — naturally satirical, with a marvellous ear for dialogue and an unerringly accurate social sense.

Once started on the bestselling jottings in 1929, Delafield could barely snatch time to complete her other projects — the novel. "Turn Back the Leaves" (1930), and, even more exciting to Delafield, her hit West End play, a Provincial Lady-like piece called "To See Ourselves". Within a week of starting her diary, the Provincial Lady noted that she had received the 'Book of the Month', "the history of a place I am not interested in by an author I do not like". Needless to say, life imitated art with a vengeance when, in December 1930, "Diary of a Provincial Lady" appeared in book-form and was promptly chosen by The Book Society as the 'Book of the Month'. The light pink dustjacket featured a silhouette by Arthur Watts of the Provincial Lady at her desk. Watts also provided the internal illustrations, including amusing portraits of the various family members. The (rather nasty) Howard Baker editions of 1969 and 1978 retained these illustrations, but Baker's (much thinner) 1982 edition features artwork by Kenneth W. Baxendale.

Once started on the series, Delafield was not allowed to abandon it. The books enchanted everyone. Here, and in America, the demand always persisted for more and more chronicles of the modest, fumbling but curiously dry-witted heroine. Her creator was never to wholly escape from her again and, indeed, never will. Like George and Weedon Grossmith's Footer family ("Diary of a Nobody"; see BMC 78), her quiet, self-deprecating character belongs to the world, and if none of Delafield's more poignant creations survive, the Provincial Lady is certainly an immortal.

Six months after "Diary of a Provincial Lady" had had its amazing triumph, and while the second instalment of the Lady's adventures was appearing in Time and Tide, Delafield published her nineteenth novel, a lighter, almost knockabout book called "Challenge to Clarissa" (1931). By the end of the same year, she had achieved the liberation of a small London flat of her own in Doughty Street, just like the Provincial Lady. Free (for the moment) of domesticity, she welcomed guests at a huge Time and Tide party and enjoyed the success of "Thank Heaven Fasting" (1932), perhaps her greatest, and most certainly her harshest, novel. (It was reissued by Virago in 1988.) Reviewers were more at ease with "Gay Life" (1933), which featured a couple who deserved all the bleak satire their creator could subject them to.

Delafield had a second shot at the West End with "The Glass Wall" (1932), but the play — on the subject of religious vocation — stopped at Swiss Cottage. A lecture tour to the States provided material for "The Provincial Lady in America" (1934), which was a worthy follow-up to the Diary and its sequel, "The Provincial Lady Goes Further" (1932). Margaret Freeman provided the engaging artwork for the American book, Arthur Watts having illustrated the second volume.

Pausing to edit an authoritative source book on "The Brontes: Their Lives Recorded by their Contemporaries" (1935) for the Woolfs' Hogarth Press, Delafield came up with yet another excellent, bitter book called "Faster! Faster!" (1936). Here she set out to lampoon herself, the successful woman on whom so much and so many people depended. And she did it ruthlessly, with admirable detachment. By the time the book appeared, however, Delafield had already sailed for Russia and the Commune near Rostov on Don.

Her American publisher, Cass Canfield, the force behind "The Provincial Lady in America", had suggested that she should go to Russia for six months on a collective farm and record the experience in a humorous book. Delafield's convent education had left her with an ineradicable conviction that the thing which she did not want to do must be done, and so she accepted. It was certainly an inauspicious time to visit the 'Workers' Paradise'. The previous year had seen the infliction of man-made famine on the kulaks of the Ukraine, which had strengthened Stalin's grip on the U.S.S.R. The revolution was set to devour, not only its children but its parents, and the net designed to contain foreign travellers like Delafield was being continually tightened. However, 'Comrade Dashwood', as she was known, made the most of it. Pasta, eggs and the excellent bread which she helped to knead in the bakery provided the staple diet (the meat was inedible), but otherwise conditions were primitive, and sexual behaviour likewise. Delafield soon became used to hearing stories about the Armenian who had taken nearly all the girls behind the pig-house, although luckily this Casanova of the Steppes left the commune a few days after her arrival. Comrade Dashwood soon became something of a legend herself, thanks to her regular recourse to a lipstick and a tiny looking-glass. Her account of this trip. "Straw without Bricks" (1937), is quite frank about the visual splendours and physical miseries endured by travellers to the U.S.S.R in the Thirties. Faced with the problem of exporting a manuscript of 30,000 words, Delafield had stripped it from its cardboard cover and fixed it, in just bearable agony, between her spine and suspender belt to go through customs. She was then struck by the one thing all returning visitors experienced: diarrhoea. The U.S. title, "I Visit the Soviets: The Provincial Lady in Russia", was designed to catch the attention of the thousands who had attended her American lectures.

"The Bazalgettes" (1935) was an oddity — a pastiche of a Victorian novel, published anonymously. (Delafield even attempted to review it herself.) But she was back on form for "Nothing is Safe" (1937), a horrible indictment of parents who, deciding to divorce, forget the happiness or security of their young children.

As war broke out, Macmillan persuaded her to resurrect the Provincial Lady, whom she had buried in an interview the year before. The Provincial Lady in War-Time (1940) brilliantly captured the mix of apprehension, confusion and plain boredom which made the first months of the Second World War so trying, and introduced the world to the insufferable high spirits of Granny Bo-Peep, sunshine of the Adelphi. On 4th November 1940, Delafield's son, Lionel, was killed in an accident at his Infantry Training Centre and was buried at Kentisbeare with full military honours. His premature death at twenty effectively killed the Provincial Lady. With Robin — his 'Provincial Lady' persona — gone, Delafield told Macmillan that it was impossible to continue the series. She was devastated.

New novels were forthcoming — "No One Now Will Know" (1941) and "Late and Soon" (1943) — but, after a colostomy at the end of 1941, Delafield was constantly distressed by pain. Her immaculate hair had turned to silvery grey and her once great beauty had gone. She saw her publishers only in a darkened room and, on 2nd December 1943, she died at the age of 53. Two days later, E.M. Delafield was buried in Kentisbeare churchyard under the big yew tree, as the Provincial Lady had always planned, beside her dearly loved son.

Collectors have been slow to spot Delafield's special merits, but they are starting to snap up the four 'Provincial Lady' books. Copies in dustjackets are now scarce, particularly of the first two titles, with Arthur Watts' inimitable illustrations, and the final book. "The Provincial Lady in War-Time" (whose jacket features a splendid cartoon by Illingworth of Robert vainly attempting to fit cook with a gas mask). Watts was a great friend of Delafield, and years before she had sat for him at Croyle. All he had to do to get the right expression for his work was to ask her to imagine the rigours of a family holiday to Brittany. The resulting drawing shows Robert and his wife sitting together on a sofa in the casino in Dinard, and Delafield's look sums up the attitude of the English abroad: absolute horror.

Return to EMD Index page

'The Diary of a Provincial Lady' (ISBN 0-86068-522-5), containing all four 'Provincial Lady' books, is published in paperback by Virago, price £8.99.
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E M DELAFIELD UK BIBLIOGRAPHY
A guide to current values of First Editions in Very Good condition without/with dustjackets. 'PROVINCIAL LADY' BOOKS DIARY OF A PROVINCIAL LADY (illustrated by Arthur Watts) (Macmillan, 1930).............. E10-E15 (£30-£40)
THE PROVINCIAL LADY GOES FURTHER (illustrated by Arthur Watts)
(Macmillan, 1932) ....................................................................................................................£10-£15 (£20-£30)
THE PROVINCIAL LADY IN AMERICA (illustrated by Margaret Freeman)
(Macmillan, 1934) ..............................................................................................................,.....£10-£15 (£20-£30)
THE PROVINCIAL LADY IN WAR-TIME (illustrated by Illingworth) (Macmillan, 1940) .........£8-£10 (£15-£20)
THE PROVINCIAL LADY (omnibus: contains 'Diary of a Provincial Lady', 'The Provincial Lady Goes
Further', 'The Provincial Lady in America' and 'The Provincial Lady in War-Time'; foreword by Kate
O'Brien) (Macmillan, 1947) .......................................................................................................£8-£10 (£15-£20)
NOVELS ZELLA SEES HERSELF (Heinemann, 1917) ............................................................................£10-£15 (£40-£60)
THE WAR-WORKERS (Heinemann, 1918) ...............................................................................£10-£15 (£40-£60)
THE PELICANS (Heinemann, 1918) ..........................................................................................£10-£15 (£40-£60)
CONSEQUENCES (Hodder & Stoughton, 1919)......................................................................£10-£15 (£40-£60)
TENSIONS (Hutchinson, 1920) ................................................................................................... £8-£10 (£20-£30)
THE HEEL OF ACHILLES (Hutchinson, 1921) ...........................................................................£8-£10 (£20-£30)
HUMBUG (Hutchinson, 1921)...................................................................................................... £8-£10 (£20-£30)
THE OPTIMIST (Hutchinson, 1922)............................................................................................. £8-£10 (£20-£30)
A REVERSION TO TYPE (Hutchinson, 1923) ............................................................................ £8-£10 (£20-£30)
MRS HARTER (Hutchinson, 1924).............................................................................................. £8-£10 (£20-£30)
MESSALINA OF THE SUBURBS (includes short stories and play) (Hutchinson, 1924) ....£10-£15 (£40-£50)
THE CHIP AND THE BLOCK (Hutchinson, 1925) ......................................................................£8-£10 (£25-£30)
JILL (Hutchinson, 1926) .............................................................................................................. £8-£10 (£25-£30)
THE WAY THINGS ARE (Hutchinson, 1927) ..............................................................................£8-£10 (£25-£30)
THE SUBURBAN YOUNG MAN (Hutchinson, 1928) ............................................................... £10-£15 (£40-£50)
WHAT IS LOVE? (Macmillan, 1928)............................................................................................ £8-£10 (£20-£25)
TURN BACK THE LEAVES (Macmillan, 1930) ...........................................................................£8-£10 (£20-£25)
CHALLENGE TO CLARISSA (Macmillan, 1931) ........................................................................ £8-£10 (£20-£25)
THANK HEAVEN FASTING (Macmillan, 1932)........................................................................... £8-£10 (£20-£25)
GAY LIFE (Macmillan, 1933)........................................................................................................ £8-£10 (£20-£25)
THE BAZALGETTES (anonymous) (Hamish Hamilton, 1935)................................................£10-£15 (£30-£40)
FASTER! FASTER! (Macmillan, 1936)........................................................................................ £8-£10 (£15-£20)
NOTHING IS SAFE (Macmillan, 1937) ........................................................................................ £8-£10 (£10-£15)
NO ONE NOW WILL KNOW (Macmillan, 1941).......................................................................... £8-£10 (£15-£20)
LATE AND SOON (Macmillan, 1943) .............................................................................................. £3-£5 (£8-£10)
SHORT STORIES
THE ENTERTAINMENT (Hutchinson, 1927)............................................................................... £8-£10 (£20-£30)
WOMEN ARE LIKE THAT (Macmillan, 1929) .............................................................................£8-£10 (£20-£30)
WHEN WOMEN LOVE (Macmillan, 1939) .....................................................................................£4-£6 (£10-£15)
LOVE HAS NO RESURRECTION and Other Stories (Macmillan, 1939).................................... £4-£6 (£10-£15)
PLAYS
TO SEE OURSELVES: A DOMESTIC COMEDY (French, 1932)................................................................ £8-£10
THE GLASS WALL (Gollancz, 1933) ............................................................................................£4-£6 (£10-£15)
ditto. Paperback Edition (Gollancz, 1933)................................................................................................. £4-£6
OTHERS
MAN, PROUD MAN (with Mary Borden and Susan Ertz) (Hamilton, 1932) ............................ £8-£10 (£15-£20)
GENERAL IMPRESSIONS (Macmillan, 1933)............................................................................. £8-£10 (£15-£20)
LADIES AND GENTLEMEN IN VICTORIAN FICTION (Hogarth Press, 1937) ........................£15-£20 (£30-£40)
AS OTHERS HEAR US: A MISCELLANY (Macmillan, 1937) .................................................... £8-£10 (£15-£20)
STRAW WITHOUT BRICKS: I VISIT SOVIET RUSSIA (Macmillan, 1937).............................. £10-£15 (£20-£30)
PEOPLE YOU LOVE (Collins, 1940) ........................................................................................... £8-£10 (£10-£15)
THIS WAR WE WAGE (Emerson, U.S.A., 1941) ......................................................................£10-£15 (£20-£30)
AS EDITOR
THE TIME AND TIDE ALBUM (Hamish Hamilton, 1932)........................................................... £8-£10 (£15-£20)
THE BRONTES: THEIR LIVES RECORDED BY THEIR CONTEMPORARIES
(Hogarth Press, 1935) .............................................................................................................£15-£20(£30-£40)
ESSENTIAL READING Powell, Violet: THE LIFE OF A PROVINCIAL LADY: A STUDY OF E.M. DELAFIELD
(Heinemann, 1988) ......................................................................................................................£6-£8 (£10-£15)
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